Cancer Care Conditions
Bladder cancer
Bladder cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the cells of the urinary bladder, which is a hollow organ located in the pelvis. It typically begins in the lining of the bladder and can, in some cases, spread to nearby tissues or other parts of the body.
There are several types of bladder cancer, with the most common being urothelial carcinoma (also known as transitional cell carcinoma), which begins in the urothelial cells lining the bladder. Other less common types include squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.
Bone cancer
Bone cancer is a rare type of cancer that begins in the bones. It can develop in any bone in the body but is most commonly found in the long bones, such as the arms and legs. Bone cancer can occur in both adults and children, but it is more frequently diagnosed in young adults and older adults.
There are several types of bone cancer, but the two primary categories are:
Primary Bone Cancer: This type of bone cancer originates in the bone tissue itself. The most common primary bone cancer is osteosarcoma, which typically affects the long bones of the arms and legs. Ewing sarcoma is another form of primary bone cancer, often found in the pelvis, chest wall, or long bones.
Secondary (Metastatic) Bone Cancer: Secondary bone cancer, also known as metastatic bone cancer, occurs when cancer cells from another part of the body spread to the bones. Breast, lung, and prostate cancers are among the types that commonly metastasize to the bones.
Brain Tumor
A brain tumor is an abnormal growth of cells within the brain or the central spinal canal. Brain tumors can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They can originate from brain tissue itself (primary brain tumors) or spread to the brain from other parts of the body (secondary or metastatic brain tumors).
Here are some key points about brain tumors:
Primary Brain Tumors: These tumors start in the brain and can be either benign or malignant. The most common types of primary brain tumors include gliomas (such as glioblastoma multiforme), meningiomas, pituitary adenomas, and medulloblastomas, among others.
Secondary Brain Tumors: Also known as metastatic brain tumors, these occur when cancer cells from other parts of the body (such as the lung, breast, or colon) spread to the brain. These tumors are always malignant.
Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow on the lining of cervix located in the lower part of the uterus (womb) in the female reproductive system. Cervical cancer forms slowly over time showing little or no symptoms, but is easily detected from regular Pap tests and is usually most curable if found early.
Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow in the lining of the colon or rectum located at the end of the digestive system. Colorectal cancer grows slowly over time and mostly begins as a polyp that is non-cancerous. An uncommon type of polyp, called adenoma, can become cancerous.
Esophageal Cancer
Esophageal cancer forms in the tissues of the lining of the esophagus, the tube connecting the throat to the stomach at the beginning of the digestive system.
Gynecologic Cancer
Cancer that occurs in the female reproductive system is known as gynecologic cancer. Annually there are about 90,000 women diagnosed with gynecologic cancer in the U.S. alone. More than half of the gynecologic cancers diagnosed are cervical cancer according to estimates from the National Cancer Institute.
Head and Neck Cancers
Most head and neck cancers form in the moist tissues (mucosal surface) lining the mouth, nose and throat. In the United States, approximately three to five percent of cancers are head and neck cancers. These cancers are more common in men and in people over age 50.
Kidney Cancer
Kidney cancer forms in the kidney(s), the organs that remove waste from the blood and transport the wastes to the bladder.
Leukemia
Leukemia occurs when cancer forms in blood cells located in bone marrow, the center of the bone where blood cells are produced. Blood cells in the body die naturally and new cells are formed in the bone marrow to replenish lost cells.
Liver Cancer
Cancer that originates in the liver is known as liver cancer, hepatic cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma (from the Greek hēpar, meaning liver).
Lung Cancer
Lung cancer begins when abnormal cells grow in one or both lungs. Abnormal cells can invade healthy lung tissue, form tumors and prevent the lung from functioning correctly, resulting in less oxygen circulating in the body.
Lung Nodule
A lung nodule, also called a pulmonary nodule, is one of the most common abnormalities seen on radiographic images, and is a small mass of tissue in the lung that is smaller than 3 cm (slightly more than an inch) in diameter. The nodule appears as a white shadow on a chest X-ray or computerized tomography (CT) scan.
Lymphedema
Lymphedema is a condition in which a part of the body, most often the arms or legs, is severely swollen due to an accumulation of protein and fluid in the affected area. When lymph vessels are unable to properly return lymph fluid back into circulation swelling occurs.
Lymphedema
Lymphoma is cancer that occurs in the cells of the lymphatic system (immune system), a network of lymph nodes and lymph vessels that carry lymph fluid, nutrients, and waste throughout tissues and the bloodstream. The spleen, bone marrow and thymus gland are also apart of the lymphatic system.
Lymphedema
Ovarian cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow in one or both of the ovaries in the female reproductive system. Epithelial ovarian cancer which forms on the surface of the ovary, is the most common type. Another less common type is germ cell tumors which begin in egg cells.
Lymphedema
Pancreatic cancer, also called exocrine cancer, forms in the tissue of the pancreas, an organ in the digestive system located in the abdomen. Endocrine cells in the pancreas create enzymes used to digest fats and proteins, and exocrine glands create insulin and hormones to help balance the amount of sugar in the blood.
Lymphedema
Prostate cancer occurs in the prostate gland in the male reproductive system. According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), more than 200,000 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in the United States this year. Sixty-five percent of all prostate cancers are found in men ages 65 – 69.
Lymphedema
Skin cancer or melanoma forms in the melanocytes, cells found in the skin that produce melanin that tans the skin. Overexposure to the sun can cause melanocytes to cluster forming pink, tan, or brown moles. If moles begin to change shape, color or size they may be cancerous.
Lymphedema
Stomach cancer, also called gastric cancer, forms in the tissues lining the stomach, an organ in the digestive system. Stomach cancer grows slowly over time and can spread to the lymph nodes and also reach the liver, lungs and bones. It is more common in countries outside of the United States.
Lymphedema
Testicular cancer occurs in one or both testicles in the male reproductive system. There are many types of testicular cancer—germ cell tumors are the most common. According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), more than 7,000 men will be diagnosed each year with testicular cancer in the United States.
Lymphedema
Thyroid cancer occurs in the thyroid gland, an organ located in the throat near the Adam’s apple. This small gland produces hormones to regulate the metabolism, heart rate, blood pressure and body temperature. At times, lumps or nodules may form in the thyroid.
Lymphedema
Uterine cancer forms in the uterus (the womb) in the female reproductive system, and usually occurs after menopause. Uterine cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer for women after breast, lung and colon cancers.